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杂说油和脂（2）液体与固体

<p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-align:center;line-height:115%"><strong><span style="font-size:24px;line-height:115%;font-family:黑体;color:red">杂说油和脂（2）液体与固体</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">油脂就是脂肪。油是在常温下呈液体的脂肪，而脂是常温下凝固的脂肪。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">我们日常生活所用到的油脂很多，通常用得到这些油脂的来源来命名这些油脂。例如，从牛乳中提取的油脂称乳脂（奶油），从猪肉中提取的称猪脂（猪油），橄榄油是从油橄榄中提取的（不是我们作为休闲食品的橄榄，是原产于地中海沿岸地区的树种，如外国作品中作为和平象征的橄榄枝），其他如棕榈油、大豆油、菜籽油、花生油等，从名称就知道其来源。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">脂肪是脂肪酸的甘油酯或者称酰基甘油，其中三酰基甘油约占总量的95%以上，所以一般就称脂肪是三脂肪酸甘油酯或三酰基甘油。油脂中往往还混杂有少量的二酰基甘油和一酰基甘油，以及极少量的游离脂肪酸、磷脂等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">无论是从动物体内提取的脂肪还是从植物中提取的脂肪，都不是纯净的某一种脂肪酸甘油酯，而是多种脂肪酸甘油酯的混合物。所以，油脂没有固定的熔点和沸点。这些脂肪酸甘油酯中含有的脂肪酸主要有下面几种（按脂肪酸中含碳原子的个数排列）：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">十二酸（月桂酸）、十四酸（肉豆蔻酸）、十六酸（棕榈酸）、十八酸（硬脂酸）、二十酸（花生酸）、ω-6十六烯酸（棕榈油酸）、ω-9十八烯酸（油酸）、ω-6十八碳二烯酸（亚油酸）、ω-3十八碳三烯酸（α-亚麻酸）、ω-6二十碳四烯酸（花生四烯酸）、ω-3二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、ω-9二十二烯酸（芥酸）、ω-3二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）等。有的动物油脂如乳脂中还有少量的如己酸、辛酸、癸酸等所谓短链脂肪酸，这是“膻”味的来源。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">虽然每一种油脂中含有的脂肪酸品种很多，而且即使是同一种油脂，也会因为产地不同、生物品种不同、生长环境不同而引起所含的各种脂肪酸的含量不同，但是，它们所含脂肪酸的相对比例还是可以找到一个大致的平均值。下面是一些油脂所含脂肪酸的大致比例。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">猪油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 22–26%、硬脂酸 12–16%、油酸 42–48%、亚油酸 8–12%、α-亚麻酸&lt;1%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">牛油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 24–28%、硬脂酸 14–18%、油酸 40–46%、亚油酸 2–4%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">羊脂</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 22–26%、硬脂酸 16–20%、油酸 40–44%、亚油酸 1–3%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">奶油（乳脂）</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 24–28%、硬脂酸 8–12%、油酸 24–28%、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸以及己酸、辛酸、葵酸等合计约 10–15%、亚油酸 2–4%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">鸡油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 20–24%、硬脂酸 6–9%、油酸 42–48%、亚油酸 18–22%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">深海</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">鱼油：棕榈酸 8–12%、硬脂酸 2–4%、油酸 10–15%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">EPA10</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">–18%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">DHA 8</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">–15%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">橄榄油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 7–12%、硬脂酸 0.5–3%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">油酸 55–83%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、亚油酸 3–20%、α-亚麻酸 0.1–1.5%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">茶籽油（山茶油）</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 6–10%、硬脂酸 1–3%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">油酸 74–82%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、亚油酸 8–14%、α-亚麻酸 0.5–1.5%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">花生油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 9–12%、硬脂酸 2–4%、油酸 38–52%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚油酸 28–38%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、α-亚麻酸 0–1%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">大豆油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 8–11%、硬脂酸 3–5%、油酸 17–26%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚油酸 50–56%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">α-亚麻酸 6–9%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">菜籽油（低芥酸）</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 4–6%、硬脂酸 1–2%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">油酸 58–62%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、亚油酸 18–22%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">α-亚麻酸 8–11%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">葵花籽油（普通）</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 4–7%、硬脂酸 2–4%、油酸 15–25%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚油酸 60–70%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">玉米油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 9–12%、硬脂酸 1–3%、油酸 22–30%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚油酸 52–60%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、α-麻酸 0.5–1.5%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">芝麻油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 7–9%、硬脂酸 4–6%、油酸 38–44%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚油酸 40–46%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">椰子油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">月桂酸45–53%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">、棕榈酸 7–10%、肉豆蔻酸15–20%、油酸 5–9%、亚油酸 1–3%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">棕榈油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 42–46%、油酸 38–42%、硬脂酸 3–5%、亚油酸 9–12%。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">亚麻籽油</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">：棕榈酸 5–8%、硬脂酸 2–4%、油酸 15–25%、亚油酸 12–18%、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">α-亚麻酸 50–60%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">我们仔细看过这些油脂的脂肪酸含量，结合上一篇所说的分子间相互作用的规律，就可以来讨论各种油和脂的是否容易凝固的问题了。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">首先看一下上一篇所说的分子间作用力的规律用于脂肪酸的情况。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">对于同一类脂肪酸，分子量大的也就是碳链长的脂肪酸，其分子间相互作用大，所以熔点高。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">再看一下饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸之间的差别。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">直链的饱和脂肪酸的碳链上碳原子之间的键都是单键，每个碳原子的四个键都指向四面体的四个角，每两个键之间的夹角都是109度左右。由于单键旋转需要的能量不大（室温下的分子振动就可以达到这样的能量值），因此虽然相邻的几个碳原子之间似乎是“锯齿状”的，但是总的长链一般可以认为是近似线性的，所以直链的饱和脂肪酸之间可以靠得比较近。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">不饱和脂肪酸有顺式和反式两种方式。所谓不饱和就是碳链上有双键，与双键原子相连的四个键都在同一个平面上，键角都是120度。因此与双键连接的两个氢原子和两个基团就有顺式和反式两种连接方式。如图</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/c0T8CNkcbm6JIsqgFMh1KDeFIj8kVyZEh4DbMTUR9sA/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE5LzA3NDAyMG51NnFwZ3RwaGlhcXh1OXUuanBn" title alt="IMG_20260817_200604.jpg" width="698" height="219" style="width: 698px; height: 219px;" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">如图所示，R1、R2都是带有碳链的基团。R1、R2以及两个H与双键碳原子之间的四个键都在一个平面上。R1、R2都在双键同一侧的是顺式，R1、R2处在双键两侧的是反式。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">如果顺式与反式要转化，就需要拉断双键的垂直于平面的p电子所成的π键，需要付出很大的能量，在室温下的分子振动做不到这一点。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">自然生成的不饱和脂肪酸绝大多数是顺式的。由于碳链在双键处的这种“刚性”，顺式脂肪酸不能像饱和脂肪酸那样呈线性，而是呈弯曲状，多不饱和脂肪酸分子的弯曲程度更大，所以顺式脂肪酸分子之间的距离不能像饱和脂肪酸那样紧密，它们之间的相互作用就比较小。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">拿同样有十八个碳原子的脂肪酸作比较：硬脂酸（饱和脂肪酸）的熔点是69 - 70℃；油酸（有一个双键的不饱和脂肪酸）熔点为13 - 14℃</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">；亚油酸（有两个双键）的熔点为-5℃；而α-亚麻酸</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">（有三个双键）熔点</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">为-11℃</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 'MS Mincho'">‌</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">由此可见，饱和脂肪酸分子间相互作用远远大于不饱和脂肪酸，所以它在常温下容易凝固，而多不饱和脂肪酸之间的相互作用又小于单不饱和脂肪酸，所以其熔点更低。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">同样是饱和脂肪酸，十二碳月桂酸熔点为44-46℃；十六碳的棕榈酸熔点为63℃；十八碳的硬脂酸熔点69-70℃。这就是分子越大，其相互作用更大，更容易凝固。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">反式不饱和脂肪酸，形状与饱和脂肪酸比较接近，也容易形成近似于线性分子，所以其分子间相互作用比较大，容易形成固体。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">总之，对于脂肪酸的分子间相互作用，饱和脂肪酸分子间相互作用大于不饱和脂肪酸，因而容易凝结成固体。反式不饱和脂肪酸分子间相互作用接近于饱和脂肪酸，也容易凝结成固体。分子越大，分子间相互作用也越大。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">由于脂肪是脂肪酸的甘油酯，而且主要是三个脂肪酸的甘油酯，所以脂肪的分子形状是“枝枝叉叉”的。虽然脂肪的分子量一般远大于脂肪酸，但是脂肪（三酰基甘油）分子之间的相互作用力，却都远远小于脂肪酸。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">我们容易看到，我们日常所用植物油如菜籽油、大豆油、橄榄油等，它们的平均分子量都远远大于硬脂酸之类的脂肪酸，但是在常温下都是流动性相当好的液体。又如，橄榄油的脂肪酸中，油酸占了绝大部分，还有一些棕榈酸和硬脂酸，这些脂肪酸都容易凝结，但是橄榄油却依然流动性很好。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">虽然脂肪分子是“枝枝叉叉”的，但是，如果这些“枝”比较直，也就是说，脂肪分子中的脂肪酸是饱和脂肪酸，其相互作用仍然比弯曲的“枝”即不饱和脂肪酸之间的相互作用大。也就是说，由饱和脂肪酸形成的脂肪会比由不饱和脂肪酸形成的脂肪熔点更高，在常温下更容易呈现固态。即</span><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">含有较多饱和脂肪酸的脂肪容易凝结，即使是含有碳链略短的脂肪酸也是如此。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">例如动物脂肪如牛油和羊油，含有较多的饱和脂肪酸，所以在常温下就是比较硬而脆的固体。猪油含有的不饱和脂肪酸比牛油和羊油都多，所以常温下虽然也凝固了，但是很软，用勺子、筷子都能够挑起来。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">而乳脂（奶油）中含有的中短链脂肪酸较多，所以乳脂通常也比较软。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">又如椰子油所含有的脂肪酸基本上都是饱和脂肪酸，这些脂肪酸的碳链略短，椰子油只在热带地方有流动性，拿到温度稍低的地区，就容易凝固成为固体。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">又如棕榈油，在常温下就呈半固态，主要就是含有较多的饱和脂肪酸。另外棕榈油中常常有一些游离脂肪酸，游离脂肪酸的熔点高，所以，含有的游离脂肪酸越多，棕榈油就越硬。（我们所说的脂肪中含有的脂肪酸，是指与甘油形成酯的脂肪酸，有时候，脂肪在也有少量游离状态的脂肪酸，就是这里所说的游离脂肪酸。）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">我们常常看到这样的现象，在冬天比较低的室内温度下，花生油的下部容易凝结，而大豆油、菜籽油却依然流动性很好。这就是因为在花生油中，饱和脂肪酸的含量比较多的缘故。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:16px;text-indent:37px;line-height:200%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 黑体">总之，油脂所含有的脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸更多的，分子间相互作用较小，往往呈液态，流动性较好；饱和脂肪酸含量较多的，分子间相互作用较大，往往容易凝结，饱和脂肪酸越多，碳链越长，分子间相互作用越大，固体的脂肪就越硬。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; text-indent: 37px; line-height: 200%; background: white;"></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自冯大诚科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-612874-1548550.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; 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2026/8/18
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多说话能维持大脑年轻化

<p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">多说话能</span><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">维持大脑年轻</span><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">化</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">多语言使用经历或许有助于维持大脑年轻的连接模式，不过仍需进一步研究探明背后的具体机制。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">在不同语言之间来回切换，需要持续投入注意力。说话者必须在数秒之内完成：选用某一套词汇、抑制另一套语言、适应不同发音与语法。</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">2026年欧洲神经科学学会联合会（FENS）论坛公布的一项研究表明，这种反复进行的脑力训练，可能与大脑生理状态比实际年龄更年轻存在关联。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">人脑拥有数十亿神经细胞，依靠庞大的网络相互传递信息。随着年龄增长，这类神经连接通常会逐步减弱，进而造成思维速度变慢、记忆力衰退。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">露西娅</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">·阿莫鲁索博士及其团队发现，掌握语言数量更多的受试者，大脑连接模式普遍呈现出更年轻的特征。较早接触第二语言、语言流利度更高，也和大脑衰老延缓相关。这说明多语言体验的时长与强度，都可能起到作用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">该研究由西班牙圣塞瓦斯蒂安的巴斯克认知、大脑与语言中心的阿莫鲁索发布。合作研究者来自智利阿道弗</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">·伊瓦涅斯大学拉丁美洲大脑健康研究所、阿根廷圣安德烈斯大学认知神经科学中心，以及爱尔兰都柏林圣三一学院全球大脑健康研究所。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">构建</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">“大脑年龄时钟”</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">这项研究的灵感来源于此前的研究：在多语言现象十分普遍的国家，人群大脑衰老速度似乎更慢。为更细致地探究该现象，阿莫鲁索团队将研究对象聚焦于西班牙巴斯克地区居民，当地人们会频繁使用西班牙语、巴斯克语、法语以及英语。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">受试者掌握</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">1‑4门语言，语言组合各不相同。这样的研究条件，让研究者得以跳出“单语言者与双语言者简单对比”的传统范式，探究语言使用经验的增加，是否会对应着大脑状态愈发年轻。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">研究的首要难题是找到可靠方法，依据大脑活动判断大脑的生理年龄。为建立参照标准，研究人员利用脑磁图对</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">728名受试者开展检测。该技术能够捕捉脑细胞活动时产生的极其微弱的磁场，以此追踪大脑不同脑区之间如何开展信息交流。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">之后人工智能对不同年龄组的脑磁图数据进行分析。通过学习生命各个阶段大脑连接的典型特征，这套系统构建出</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">**大脑衰老时钟**，可以依靠神经通信模式估算大脑年龄。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">随后研究者将这套时钟模型用于另一组</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">144名受试者。选用第二组独立受试者至关重要，这样可以用未参与模型构建的数据对模型开展验证测试。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">掌握语言越多，大脑状态越年轻</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">研究人员对比每位受试者的实际年龄，以及由大脑活动推算出的大脑年龄，差异就此显现。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">掌握两门语言的人群，大脑推算年龄比仅会一门语言的人大约年轻</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">6岁；掌握三门语言的人群，这一年龄差距扩大至约7岁；掌握四门语言的受试者，差距达到约13岁。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">阿莫鲁索博士表示：</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">“简单来说，掌握语言越多的人，其大脑状态往往相较于实际年龄更为年轻。该效应并不只取决于语言数量。语言熟练度越高、第二语言习得时间越早，大脑衰老的延缓效果也越明显。这说明多语言体验是梯度变化的：并非简单区分‘会不会双语’，语言学习体验的深度与持续时长同样重要。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">研究存在局限，引出后续课题</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">研究已经对年龄、性别、教育水平这些会影响大脑检测结果的因素做了统计校正。即便如此，该研究依然</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">**无法证明多语言能力直接造成大脑更年轻**。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">受试者之间存在的其他差异，也有可能解释这一相关性。会多种语言的人，其生活方式、社会活动以及其他人生经历或许本就更利于维护大脑健康。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">阿莫鲁索团队下一步计划，探究阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病患者身上是否也存在类似规律。这类疾病会逐步损伤神经细胞与脑功能，因此找到能够提升大脑对抗衰老损伤能力的生活经历，有着十分重要的意义。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">团队还希望研究：学习亲缘关系相近的语言，是否会产生格外突出的保护效果。亲缘相近的语言会共享大量词汇与语法结构，使用者需要投入更强的认知控制力，选定目标语言，同时抑制另一种语言带来的干扰。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">语言学习或可提升大脑抗损伤能力</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">希腊雅典国立卡波迪斯特里亚大学的克里斯蒂娜</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">·达拉教授是本届FENS论坛沟通委员会主席，并未参与本项研究。她评价道：“我们已经知道，诸多因素会影响衰老过程中的大脑健康与认知能力。例如不吸烟、合理膳食、参与社交与艺术活动、坚持运动，都会带来益处。人的一生如何使用大脑同样会产生影响，尤其是主动进行需要投入脑力的学习活动，能够激活大脑。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">“这项研究提示我们，</span><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height: 200%;color: #0000FF;font-size: 19px">学习第二、第三甚至第四门语言，有助于让大脑更长久地维持年轻状态，而且开始学习的时间越早效果越好。</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">无论处在什么年龄，学习外语都有诸多好处</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030">——社交层面、文化层面，还有大脑健康层面。因此，我们应当支持校内以及终身语言学习，即便学习过程充满挑战。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 200%;"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB18030;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">Reference: “Multilingualism protects against accelerated aging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 27 European countries” by Lucia Amoruso, Hernan Hernandez, Hernando Santamaria-Garcia, Sebastian Moguilner, Agustina Legaz, Pavel Prado, Jhosmary Cuadros, Liset Gonzalez, Raul Gonzalez-Gomez, Joaquín Migeot, Carlos Coronel-Oliveros, Josephine Cruzat, Manuel Carreiras, Vicente Medel, Marcelo Adrián Maito, Claudia Duran-Aniotz, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Sandra Baez, Adolfo M. García and Agustin Ibanez, 10 November 2025, Nature Aging.</span></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自孙学军科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1548384.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1548384.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1548323.html" target="_black">咖啡饮用对代谢内分泌影响巨大</a><br>下一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1548407.html" target="_black">FDA批准首款发作性睡病药物</a><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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高校教师的苦衷

<p style="margin-top:10px;text-align:center;line-height:43px"><strong><span style="font-size:21px;font-family: 楷体">高校教师的苦衷</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:43px"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:楷体">彭渤</span></p><p style="margin-top:21px;text-indent:37px;line-height:43px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">高校是培养人才的重地，高校教师是承担人才培养重任的主力。当今建设世界一流大学的背景下，高校教师既要承担大量教学任务，又要在科研的路上劈荆斩刺，还要面对其他各种杂务。用简单的“躺平”二字来针对高校教师，不太符合客观实际。不可否认，高校里确有小部分“躺平”或试图“躺平”的存在，但这不能成为推行高校教师聘任改革的依据。面对激烈的竞争，面对现实的高要求，高校教师其实内心有很多的苦衷。这些苦衷究竟应该向谁人诉说？这里，结合自己的体会，向理解我们、关心我们高校教师的人们，诉说我们内心的苦衷，愿求得理解，支持我们继续前行。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">教学是个良心活</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 楷体">。教学是高校教师的第一要务，上好每一堂课，是学校对教师的最基本要求。上过课的人都知道，要上好一堂课、上好一门课，不花时间和精力是做不到的。而这些花去的时间和精力是无法可以量化的，只有教师自己心里最清楚。我刚来大学时，到外地出差，首先考虑的就是到当地的书店，购得与教学有关的书籍、课本</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'"> (</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 楷体">那时没有网购</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">)</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">，以备上课备课之用。经过十几年的磨练，对一门课的内容比较熟悉后，又开始关注</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">N</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 楷体">、</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">S</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">等期刊报道的最新成果、新思想和观点，总是设法把新的内容、知识点带进课堂。上了十几年的课，如果课前不准备、不备课，上课就会不顺畅，就会缺乏组织。既不能体现自己的水平，也对不起学生。因此，课前花时间备课，是必须坚持的工作。即使这样，也不敢保证自己的课就上好了，学生就满意了。这样一种心理，应该刻在所有高校教师的心中，这样一种坚持，应该是高校每一位站在三尺讲台的教师都保持的职业操守。课后还有作业、学生答疑等其他与教学相关的事务，教师都在任劳任怨、默默无闻地奉献时间和精力，默默地坚持和尽责。正是教师的坚持和付出，铸就了高校的活力和发展。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">教师的时间是零碎的</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">。都说教师有两个长假，假期好快活、好轻松、好潇洒。但请注意，假期那些爆满的旅游景点有多少游客是来自大学里的教师。我所知道的情况是，很多教师，都是抓紧假期这段黄金时光在实验室、在办公室，思考并开展自己科研工作。寒假期间，那个</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">NSFC</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">的申请就不要说，很多教师整个寒假都不敢掉以轻心；长沙炎热的暑假，按理教师要到外地去避暑，可今年这个暑假，参加两个外校研究生的论文答辩时发现，不但教师没有离开学校，博士生、硕士生都没有离开学校。虽然办公楼假期较上班时明显清淡了一些，但很多办公室、实验室里面并没有清淡。我想，很多大学都是这样。为什么，因为开学期间，教师应对上课等各种事务，他的时间是零碎的，而科研则需要长时间静心的思考与琢磨。因此，假期便成了高校教师不可多得的黄金时光。假期的夜里，你看那灯火通明的办公楼，你就可以想象我们的教师在干什么。因为零碎的时间里，常常心身俱疲，思考科研、推进科研总是变成奢望。因此，零碎的时间、破碎的时间，是很多高校教师需要面对的现实。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">教师的发展空间受挤</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">。近年来，由于各种帽子人才增多，高校普通教师的发展空间明显受到挤压。虽然在破唯，但现实还是现实。竞争是客观地，但也应该是公平的。你有国家级的大帽子，我一个普通高校教师，在同一条件下，本应向我这没帽子的倾斜，可现实常常是相反的。可以去看看，有多少省级奖的获得者是戴大“帽子”的。最近，参加某省级奖评审，</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">n (n &lt; 3)</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">个指标竟然有</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">m (m &gt; 4)</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">个戴大帽子的在参与竞争；前不久参加一个省级项目评审，竟然发现戴了国家级帽子的人才和有手握几百万经费的要人，也都在参与竞争一个不到</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">X </span><span style="font-size: 19px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman";"="">W</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">的项目，这对普通教师而言，除了挤压还有什么。这就是我这一滴水反映的现实，希望现实更多的不是我这一滴水所折射的情况。但帽子条件下，高校普通教师面临的发展空间受到挤压，在很多地方可能已经存在。不握住孙悟空的“金箍棒”，普通教师看来很难翻盘，很难从缝隙中钻出来得到发展。这就是大多数高校普通教师，特别是青椒，面临的环境和发展问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">教师教学科研条件有待改善</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">。虽然这些年，高校教师的教学科研条件有所改善，但与高校发展取得的显著成绩和成效相比，教师教学科研条件的改善还存在较大的偏差。很多教授、副教授没有独立的办公室，几十个教师挤在一个大办公室办公的现象在很多高校中普遍存在。这种现象应该与一流大学建设和发展是不太协调的。因此，在用较高的要求考核教师高校的同时，教师的教学科研条件也应得到改善。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:楷体">奉献教学费时费力、科研时间破碎、发展空间受挤、教学科研条件不佳等，是很多高校，特别是地方高校教师的苦衷。希望更多的人能够理解高校教师的这些苦衷，进一步大力支持高校教师，为高校教师潜心教学科研解决后顾之忧。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;text-indent: 37px;line-height:43px"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:楷体">“……任凭光阴流转，爱在时光里轻轻发芽，就让岁月开成一朵花，等一场春风温柔抵达……”谨以此，与各位同行共勉。</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;line-height: 43px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;line-height: 43px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:10px;line-height: 43px"><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">2026</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">年</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">8</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 楷体">月</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'">18</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:楷体">日，长沙</span></strong></p><p></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; 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2026/8/18
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写给大一新生：大学里没人教却最该学会的东西

<p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/Lf5E1c0pdu0gpMhs4sqRd0lce0edcs8adqrNkTONG-k/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzIxNTgyNmRhbmphb2EzbmV2amZlcnIuanBn" title alt="图书馆.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">又是一年开学季。大学校园里又将涌进了一批新生，他们会拖着行李箱，眼神里有期待，也有忐忑。想到他们，我会忍不住想起自己第一次走进大学校门那天，心里装着一堆“被设定好的目标”：把专业课学好、拿奖学金、将来找个好工作。这些目标都是别人告诉我的，我也没想过要问自己一句：我到底想要什么。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">做了十几年大学教师之后，我越来越觉得，如果在十八岁那年有人能跟我说清楚一些事情，我大学四年的迷茫大概会减少一半。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">一、大学真正的难题，不是“怎么学”，而是“怎么活”</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">进大学之前，一个人的人生轨道是铺好的：小升初、中考、高考，每一站都有明确的目标和标准答案。你只需要按照轨道跑，跑得比别人快就行。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">但大学不一样。大学突然把方向盘交到你手里了。没有人告诉你今天要学什么、明天要做什么、四年后要去哪里。大部分学生的第一反应是跟着周围人走，室友考研我也考研，同学考证我也考证。这么做没什么不对，但走着走着你会发现一种说不上来的不对劲：为什么周围越热闹，心里越空？</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">北京大学徐凯文博士把这种状态称为“空心病”。他发现，北大一年级的新生中，有30.4%的人厌恶学习或认为学习没有意义，40.4%的人认为活着没有意义。这些人不是差生，恰恰是考上中国最好大学的那群人。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">这不是心理脆弱，而是一个人从小到大都在执行别人给定的目标，却从来没有自己建构过一套“为什么要活着”的意义体系。考上好大学这件事一旦完成，忽然就找不到下一个支点了。大学是“空心病”暴露得最彻底的四年，因为轨道到此为止了，剩下的路只能靠自己走出来。这是大学真正难的地方，也是大学真正珍贵的地方。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">二、“两个世界”的认知框架</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">如果大学里有什么东西必须学会，我的答案是：在两个世界里同时建构自己的立足点。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">我们从小到大，其实一直在面对两个不同的世界。一个是客观世界，那些不以人的意志为转移的规律，比如天为什么会下雨、生病为什么会难受、电路接反了为什么会短路。认识这个世界的目的是学会尊重规律、利用规律，不跟它硬碰硬。另一个是主观世界，那些人与人之间共同建构出来的规则和意义，比如为什么要排队、公平是什么、不同文化里的习俗为什么不一样。认识这个世界的目的是理解规则的来源，在认同和参与中找到自己的位置。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">这两个世界的划分，其理论源头可以追溯到社会学的一部经典著作——美国社会学家彼得·L.伯格与托马斯·卢克曼于1967年出版的 《现实的社会建构：知识社会学论纲》（The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge）。这本书的核心观点是：<strong>社会现实不是天生如此的，而是在人们的日常互动中被不断地建构出来的。</strong>作者提出了一个经典的分析模型：“外化—客体化—内化”。人通过互动创造出社会规则和制度（外化），这些规则逐渐成为一种“客观事实”摆在每个人面前（客体化），最后每个人通过成长和学习，把这些外部规则变成自己内心认同的一部分（内化）。伯格与卢克曼将社会区分为“客观现实”和“主观现实”两个维度，这恰恰对应了我们日常生活中面对的“客观世界”和“主观世界”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">如果大学四年只扑在客观世界上——刷绩点、攒证书、拼履历——确实能成为一份很漂亮的简历。但如果主观世界是空的，毕业后会发现：简历递出去了，人却站不稳。因为从来没有问过自己“我要做什么样的人”“什么对我来说是值得的”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">三、意义体系不是想出来的，是长成出来的</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">“空心病”不是一夜之间得的。它是十几年只做“别人让你做的事”、很少做“自己选择的事”慢慢积累下来的。进入大学后发现没有别人给指令了，整个人就散了。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">反过来，意义体系也不是一天建成的。它依靠的是每一次主动选择、每一次搞砸之后自己爬起来、每一次觉得“这条路好像不太对”然后调整方向——这些微小的时刻叠加在一起，慢慢长出属于自己的判断力。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">不要害怕迷茫，迷茫是跟真实世界打交道时必然产生的反应。也不用急着给“我将来要做什么”找到一个确定的答案。先学会观察自己——什么让你觉得有意思、什么让你觉得有劲、什么让你觉得“做了之后心里是满的”。那些感受就是意义体系正在往外冒的苗头。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">四、大学最该教会学生的一件事</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">如果可以给当年的自己带一句话，我会说：好成绩会让你进一所好大学，但只有找到属于自己的意义，你才能过好这一生。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">这件事没人能替任何人完成，父母不能，辅导员不能，老师也不能。但意识到它本身，意识到大学真正的任务不是“成为一个优秀的人”，而是“成为自己的主人”，这本身就是最重要的一步。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">又是一年开学季。愿每一个走进大学校门的年轻人，都能在这四年里，慢慢长出属于自己的根系，构建和调适好自己的“意义体系”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体"></span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">延伸阅读：</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">1.彼得·L.伯格、托马斯·卢克曼：《现实的社会建构：知识社会学论纲》，北京大学出版社，2019年（吴肃然译）。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">2.<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1411266.html" target="_black" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration-line: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">大学生“空心病”成因及其应对之策</a></span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">3.</span><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1410464.html" target="_black" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration: underline; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">教育改革应该从基础教育开始</span></a></p><p style="text-indent:32px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">4.</span><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1410150.html" target="_black" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration: underline; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 16px;">数智时代给高校教师的“教”和学生的“学”带来了哪些影响？</span></a></p><p></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自徐芳科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1548523.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1548523.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3530069-1547736.html" target="_black">本科生如何用“研究问题导向写作法”写出第一篇SSCI论文</a><br><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; 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2026/8/18
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植物学教席200年及其对植物园发展贡献

<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/6hAnIJ39s32mc002zZAxQJumYiP6cAVm9DJ7uOfJzP4/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzIxMjM1MG0xem1teHRheGRycjZ0ejYucG5n" title alt="1 爱丁堡植物园萌芽.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;<img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/Sc3JlA63e1LqloN64xccPSVtNVcrH5mKhnzWeT5h728/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzIxMjQzM3llbWVhbWVyZnVmbWZtaW4ucG5n" title alt="2 教席设立.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">近代植物科学的职业化、体系化发展，始终与高校教席制度、植物园建设深度绑定。</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡皇家植物园</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">三百余年的发展历程，是近代植物学从医学附庸走向独立基础学科的典型缩影。依托经典史料，以</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡大学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物学教席历代教授更迭为线索，系统梳理植物园的选址迭代、功能升级、学术转型全过程，剖析教席人才、教学理念、学科改革与植物园建设的共生耦合关系，为现代植物园建设、植物学学科发展提供历史借鉴与学术启示。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">1 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">医学附庸下的植物园雏形（</span>17<span style="font-family:等线">世纪中后期）</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">近代欧洲植物学的诞生，根植于医学应用需求，早期植物园的核心定位并非科研科普，而是</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">生药学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">教学的实操场地，爱丁堡植物学体系的起步也遵循这一历史规律。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">1681<span style="font-family:等线">年，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡皇家医师学院</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">正式成立，苏格兰医学教育迈入规范化阶段。彼时执业医师高度依赖草药商贩获取药用原料，药材真伪、功效辨识缺乏科学依据，医学学徒的药用植物教学存在极大短板。为破解这一困境，知名医师</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">罗伯特</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">西巴尔德爵士</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Sir Robert Sibbald<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">与</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">安德鲁</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">巴尔弗爵士</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Sir Andrew Balfour<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">牵头，租赁</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">霍利鲁德宫</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">周边土地，打造小型药用植物栽培园地，并聘请精通植物辨识的</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">詹姆斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">萨瑟兰</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>James Sutherland<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">负责园务与教学工作，这是</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡植物园</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">的最初源头。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">后续王室划拨皇家花园土地，园地搬迁升级并命名为</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">医药园</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Physick Garden<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。得益于萨瑟兰出色的教学与栽培工作，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡市议会</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">设立专属</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物学教授讲席</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，萨瑟兰成为爱丁堡大学首位植物学教授。为适配不同教学场景，短短数年间，爱丁堡陆续建成霍利鲁德皇家医药园、城市植物园（今</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">韦弗利火车站</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">原址）、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">柯克奥菲尔德</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">草药园三座园地，形成</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">多园支撑、服务医学</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">的早期格局。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">1683<span style="font-family:等线">年，萨瑟兰出版《</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">医药园植物目录</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">》</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Catalogue of the plants in the Physical Garden<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，是苏格兰首部系统的栽培植物名录，具备极高的科研与史料价值。但其晚年研究兴趣转向</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">钱币学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，疏于植物教学与园务管理。</span>1706<span style="font-family:等线">年，萨瑟兰被迫辞去大学植物学教席，仅保留皇家植物园园长与苏格兰国王御用植物学家头衔，直至</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1715</span><span style="font-family:等线">年退休。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">自此</span>1706—1739<span style="font-family:等线">年，爱丁堡形成</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">双轨植物教学体系</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">：大学管控的城市植物园、王室管辖的皇家医药园，两套体系并行竞争，造成教学资源分散、学科发展碎片化的局面。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">2 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">教席更迭与园所体系整合（</span>18<span style="font-family:等线">世纪上半叶）</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">萨瑟兰卸任后，大学植物学教席由</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">查尔斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">普雷斯顿</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Charles Preston<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">乔治</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">普雷斯顿</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>George Preston<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">兄弟相继接任，二人的研究与教学核心均聚焦药用植物应用，延续了植物学服务医学的传统。而王室植物园继任者</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">威廉</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">阿瑟</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>William Arthur<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">无专业植物学背景，因卷入</span>1715<span style="font-family:等线">年詹姆斯党叛乱流亡海外，王室植物园发展陷入停滞。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">1739<span style="font-family:等线">年成为关键转折点，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">查尔斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">阿尔斯顿</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Charles Alston<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">同时执掌王室植物园与大学植物学、生药学教席，彻底终结双轨并行乱象，确立</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">王室</span>-<span style="font-family:等线">大学共管植物园</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">的长效机制，该合作模式沿用至今。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">阿尔斯顿曾求学于</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">莱顿大学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，师从著名学者</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">布尔哈夫</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。其学术生涯极具争议与开创性：教学上始终以生药学为核心，</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">深耕植物园植物定植规划与药用植物药理研究</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">；学术争议上，他是欧洲学界反对</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">林奈</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">分类</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">系统</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">的核心学者，通过大量实验质疑植物</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">有性生殖</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">理论，无意中观测记录下</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">无融合生殖</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">现象，为后世植物生殖生物学研究埋下伏笔。但整体而言，阿尔斯顿时期的植物学仍未摆脱医学附庸的定位，植物园的科研价值未得到充分挖掘。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">3 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">学科独立与植物园功能升级（</span>18<span style="font-family:等线">世纪中后期）</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">约翰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">霍普</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>John Hope<span style="font-family:等线">，</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1725—1786</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">接任教席，标志着爱丁堡植物学正式开启独立发展进程，也是植物园从</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">药用圃</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">向</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">综合科研园地</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">转型的核心节点。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">霍普是英国</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">林奈分类系统</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">的核心推广者，突破了传统生药学的局限，深耕</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物生理学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，开展多项原创性实验，研究成果领先时代百年之久，可惜核心手稿未正式出版，导致其学术贡献长期被低估。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">在学科与园所建设层面，霍普完成</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">两项颠覆性改革</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">：第一，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">学科拆分独立</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，将植物学与生药学教席剥离，彻底打破植物学完全依附医学的格局，确立植物学独立的学科地位；第二，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">园所整合升级</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，争取王室专项资助，整合三座老旧植物园的植物种质资源，规划建设全新植物园，同时推动植物园纳入政府公益科研体系，获得长期财政支撑。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">此外，霍普高度重视本土植物资源调查，设立标本采集专项奖章，鼓励学生深耕苏格兰植物区系研究，培育了爱丁堡植物学</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">野外实操</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">+</span><span style="font-family:等线">科研探索</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">的教学传统。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">霍普之后，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">丹尼尔</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">卢瑟福</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Daniel Rutherford<span style="font-family:等线">，</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1749—1819</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">执掌教席。作为氮气发现者，卢瑟福深耕化学领域，对植物生物学研究投入有限。但其任职期间，首席园丁</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">威廉</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">麦克纳布</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>William McNab<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">、植物学者</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">约翰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">麦凯</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>John Mackay<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">乔治</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">唐</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>George Don<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">持续完善植物园种质收藏与本土植物区系调查，植物园硬件规模大幅提升，为后续发展奠定物质基础，仅教学模式未出现创新突破。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">4 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">教学体系现代化与植物园定型（</span>19<span style="font-family:等线">世纪上半叶）</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">1820<span style="font-family:等线">年，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">罗伯特</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">格雷厄姆</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Robert Graham</span><span style="font-family:等线">，</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1786—1845</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">从</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">格拉斯哥大学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">调任爱丁堡大学，开启植物园定型与植物教学体系革新的新阶段。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">格雷厄姆的核心贡献在于</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">园址定型与实践教学体系固化</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。他主导完成植物园整体搬迁，将园地固定至如今爱丁堡皇家植物园核心区位，终结了植物园频繁迁徙的历史。同时，他开创性将</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">野外植物考察</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">纳入必修课程，在交通闭塞的年代，带领学生走遍苏格兰全域，调研野生植物资源。此外，他推行课程论文制度，鼓励学生开展自主科研探索，著名植物地理学学者休伊特</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">沃森的核心学术思想，最早便诞生于课程作业。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">格雷厄姆毕生致力于编撰《</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">苏格兰植物志</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">》</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，遗憾未能完稿便病逝，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">约瑟夫</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">道尔顿</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">胡克爵士</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker<span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">曾短期代理其教学工作，延续了其实践教学理念。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">5 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">多元学科融合与科研体系成熟（</span>19<span style="font-family:等线">世纪中后期）</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">约翰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">赫顿</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">巴尔弗</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia;line-height: 120%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:等线">（</span>John Hutton Balfour<span style="font-family:等线">，</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1808—1879</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">执掌教席期间，爱丁堡植物学教学、科研与植物园建设达到历史鼎盛，完成了从传统描述性植物学向现代实验、生态植物学的全面转型。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">巴尔弗早年学医，</span>1836<span style="font-family:等线">年牵头创立</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">爱丁堡植物学会</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，搭建专业植物学图书馆与标本馆，其馆藏资源成为如今爱丁堡皇家植物园核心馆藏根基。调任爱丁堡大学后，他身兼植物学教授与植物园园长，全面主导学科与园所发展。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">在教学革新层面，巴尔弗实现两大突破：其一，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">升级野外教学体系</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，固定每周研学、学期长途考察制度，足迹覆盖苏格兰全域及</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">瑞士</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">等欧洲地区；其二，</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">首创显微实验室教学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，在显微镜、染色技术尚未普及的时代，搭建专属显微观测空间，开设植物结构解剖实操课程，形成</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">野外调研</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">+</span><span style="font-family:等线">实验室观测</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">的双向实操教学模式。其野外教学不再局限于物种识别，而是聚焦植被垂直分布、生境适配性、物种分布机制等核心问题，孕育了</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物生态学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">雏形。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">在园所建设与学科发展上，巴尔弗主导植物园大规模扩建，新增</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">树木园</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">适配林业研究，搭建植物园博物馆，汇聚全球植物标本资源。</span>1860<span style="font-family:等线">年达尔文进化论问世后，受个人宗教信仰影响，巴尔弗审慎对待达尔文主义，在课堂客观讲授相关理论但未完全接纳，体现了时代学术转型的复杂性。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1879</span><span style="font-family:等线">年巴尔弗退休，植物学教席彻底剔除</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">医学</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">前缀，标志着植物学完全独立为一级学科。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">继任者</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">亚历山大</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:等线">迪克森</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:等线">为这段两百年发展史画上圆满句号。迪克森拥有医学学位，却深耕纯粹植物学研究，主攻</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物器官学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，聚焦花发育、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物胚胎学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">畸形学</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">叶序</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">等前沿领域，科研成果精度极高。他擅长科学手绘解剖图谱，深耕教学细节，在任期间完成植物园报告厅升级改造，完善科研硬件配套，代表着爱丁堡植物学独立后</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">6 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">教席与植物园的共生发展逻辑</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">梳理</span>1670—1887<span style="font-family:等线">年两百余年的发展历程，爱丁堡大学植物学教席与皇家植物园并非单向支撑关系，而是</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">双向赋能、共生迭代、相互约束</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">的有机整体，核心逻辑可总结为三点：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px">（</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">1</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物园是教席教学科研的实体载体</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。近代植物学无独立实验室体系，植物园的种质资源、场地空间、栽培条件，是教席教学、物种观测、生理实验、野外实践的唯一落地场景。教授的学术理念直接决定植物园的建设方向：生药学时代聚焦药用植物引种，生理学时代扩充实验种质，生态学时代侧重本土植被与生境研究。反之，教席人才懈怠会直接导致园所发展停滞，萨瑟兰晚年园务荒废便是典型案例。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px">（</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">2</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">植物园倒逼教席制度与学科改革</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。园所发展的现实痛点，成为学科迭代的核心驱动力。双园并行的资源内耗，倒逼王室与大学整合教席体系；多场景教学的需求，推动植物学与医学、生药学学科拆分；种质观测与实验需求，催生显微教学、野外生态调研等新型教学模式。同时，植物园的经费、场地诉求，推动教授参与学术治理与公共游说，助力学科获得官方长效扶持。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px">（</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">3</span><span style="font-family:等线">）</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4BACC6;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">学科独立是植物园价值升华的核心前提</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">。植物园的定位升级，完全匹配植物学的学科地位演变：从</span>17<span style="font-family:等线">世纪</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">医学教学附属草药圃</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">，到</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">18</span><span style="font-family:等线">世纪</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">独立植物学教学园地</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">，再到</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">19</span><span style="font-family:等线">世纪</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:等线">集种质保存、科研创新、人才培养、生态调研于一体的国家级科研平台</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:等线">，学科的独立与多元发展，彻底释放了植物园的科研价值与社会价值。同时，学者个人认知、时代学术思潮，也深刻影响园所与学科的发展走向，体现了科学发展的人文属性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">7 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">结语</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">三百余年的发展历程证明，现代化植物园绝非单纯的景观园林，而是高校植物学科人才培养、科研创新、资源保育的核心阵地；而高校教席制度与学术人才梯队，是植物园持续迭代、突破发展瓶颈的核心内核。</span></span><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">教席赋能园所、园所承载学科、学科反哺行业</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">，这一共生模式，不仅成就了爱丁堡皇家植物园的世界地位，也为全球高校植物园与基础学科协同发展提供了经典范式，对当代植物学建设、植物园规划运营具备重要的借鉴意义。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/wcj2HAkHMDaBQEJCwA6vKlYE1IHM4CUezxJN7MPP1MQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzIxMjc1NWF5ZzlyOTAxeGowdzU1NWwucG5n" title alt="6 当代挑战与机遇.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 120%"><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;color:#4F81BD;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:等线">参考文献</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 120%;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">Balfour I B. A Sketch </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">o</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">f </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">t</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">he Professors </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">o</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">f Botany </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">i</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">n Edinburgh </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">f</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">rom 1670 </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">u</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:120%;font-size:16px">ntil 1887. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;line-height:120%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">In Oliver, F. W. (Ed.). (1913). Makers Of British Botany: A Collection of Biographies by Living Botanists. Cambridge University Press.</span></span></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自廖景平科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1548518.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1548518.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1548267.html" target="_black">植物科学演进与植物园发展融合剑桥范式300年</a><br><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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<p style="margin-bottom:8px"><strong><span style="font-size:31px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">AI</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:31px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">克隆让声音失去“证据力”：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:9px"><strong><span style="font-size:25px;line-height: 115%;color:#3670B8">生成式语音造假如何重塑社会信任？</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:5px"><span style="color:#626C78">从“听起来像本人”到“可验证身份”的信任机制迁移</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:9px;text-align:right">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom: 9px; text-align: center;"><img width="631" height="407" src="data:image/png;base64,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alt="Image: image1.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><table><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="624" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 3px; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(54, 112, 184); background: rgb(237, 243, 250); padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="margin-top:9px;margin-right:13px;margin-bottom: 9px;margin-left:17px"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height: 115%;color:#1E487D">AI</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">声音克隆带来的核心风险，并不是机器能否“骗过耳朵”，而是它显著降低了伪造身份线索的成本：熟悉声线仍然具有说服力，却越来越不足以承担身份认证和高风险行动授权。</span></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:7px;margin-left:0;line-height:142%"><span style="font-size:15px;line-height: 142%;color:#262B31">新华社8月17日刊发《莫让人工智能“偷声”击穿社会信任》：只需十几秒语音素材，AI就可能复刻声线、模拟情绪语气，并被用于未经许可的商业使用乃至诈骗。[1]</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:7px;line-height:142%"><span style="font-size:15px;line-height:142%;color:#262B31">AI</span><span style="font-size:15px;line-height:142%;color:#262B31">声音克隆首先表现为技术滥用，但更值得警惕的是它对身份认证逻辑的改变：生成式语音正在削弱声音作为“身份证据”的证明力。安全研究通常区分</span><strong><span style="font-size:15px;line-height: 142%;color:#1E487D">身份线索（identity cue）</span></strong><span style="font-size:15px;line-height:142%;color:#262B31">与</span><strong><span style="font-size:15px;line-height:142%;color:#1E487D">身份凭证（credential）</span></strong><span style="font-size:15px;line-height:142%;color:#262B31">。前者帮助我们推断“可能是谁”，后者用于确认“确实是谁”。当复制成本骤降，“听起来像本人”与“确实来自本人”之间的差距，开始从个别欺骗演变为可规模化利用的制度缺口。</span></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;page-break-after:avoid"><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#3670B8">一&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">从身份线索到可复制表征：声音为何失去“证据力”？</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">声音同时承载三类信息：声波本身是物理信号；音色、韵律、口音和发音习惯构成可识别的说话人特征；亲情、权威、职业与共同经历则赋予声音强烈的社会意义。长期以来，“熟悉的声音”因此成为一种低摩擦、低成本的身份确认方式。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">这种确认过去常常有效，并非因为人耳能够稳定识别所有伪造，而是因为定向伪造某个具体人的声线成本较高。语音克隆改变了这个约束：模型可以从较短参考语音中提取说话人表征，再与任意新文本组合，把“谁的声线”与“说了什么”技术性拆开。于是，一个人从未说过的话，也可能以高度相似的声线出现。</span></p><table><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="624" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 3px; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(54, 112, 184); background: rgb(237, 243, 250); padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="margin-top:9px;margin-right:13px;margin-bottom: 9px;margin-left:17px"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height: 115%;color:#1E487D">AI</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">降低的不是“发声”成本，而是伪造“声音—身份绑定关系”的成本。</span></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">从身份认证角度看，声音正在从“强身份暗示”退化为“概率性线索”：它依然能够提高“可能是本人”的判断，却越来越不足以独立完成身份认证。AI改变的核心不是单纯的合成质量，而是声音特征与真实主体之间原本相对稳定的绑定关系。</span></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;page-break-after:avoid"><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#3670B8">二&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">AI</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height: 115%;color:#1E487D">造假的行为机制：逼真度之外，核验窗口如何被压缩</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">一通冒充家人的AI克隆电话为何可能奏效？关键不只在“像不像”，还在于受害者是否来得及核验。这里需要区分“感知逼真度”和“行为有效性”：攻击者不必制造一段在声学意义上无可挑剔的声音，只要在关键几十秒内，让“熟悉声线”被迅速解释为“熟悉的人”，就可能足以触发行动。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">高风险场景通常由三个相互强化的条件构成：身份熟悉、情绪唤醒和时间压力。熟悉身份降低最初警惕，紧急叙事占用注意资源，而“马上转账”“不要挂电话”等指令进一步压缩交叉验证的时间。这里的“信任三角”只是风险组织框架，并非可直接估计的乘法公式；它强调社会工程攻击如何同时操纵身份、情绪与时间，使核验在行动之前被跳过。</span></p><p style="margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:0;text-align:center"><img width="615" height="461" 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referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="margin-top:3px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-align:center;line-height:142%"><span style="font-size:11px;line-height:142%;color:#626C78">图1｜AI声音造假的高风险交互框架：熟悉身份、强烈情绪与时间压力共同压缩核验窗口。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">这也解释了为什么现实攻击并不一定需要“骗过所有检测器”。对诈骗者而言，更现实的目标是让一个处于紧急情绪、尚未完成独立验证的人先采取行动。AI声音因此把传统社会工程从“编造故事”推进到了“伪造关系线索”：攻击者不只提供虚假信息，还借用了受害者原本信任的身份表征。</span></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;page-break-after:avoid"><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#3670B8">三&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">鉴伪不等于认证：为什么“识别AI”仍不能证明“是本人”</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">面对AI造假，一个直觉方案是再训练一个AI去识别AI。但“鉴伪”和“认证”回答的并不是同一个问题。Deepfake检测试图判断“这段音频是否像由合成系统生成”；身份认证则需要回答“这次通信是否确实来自被声称的主体，以及他是否授权了当前行为”。前者属于内容分类，后者涉及身份、安全与授权。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">这种差异在研究中已经非常具体。2025年的ReplayDF研究将合成语音经扬声器播放、再由麦克风重新录制，发现部分检测器性能显著下降；其中表现最好的W2V2-AASIST模型，等错误率（EER，越低越好）从4.7%升至18.2%。[5] 2026年的一项预印本研究进一步显示，少量样本训练的语音克隆可对商业说话人验证系统形成现实威胁，而反欺骗模型对未见过的合成方法仍存在明显泛化缺口。[6] 2025年的系统综述也把跨数据集、跨生成方法和真实信道条件下的泛化视为该领域的核心难题之一。[4]</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">因此，鉴伪仍然重要，但更适合作为一层“风险证据”，而不是最终授权依据。检测器给出“更像真人”的分数，不能证明电话另一端就是本人；检测到“疑似合成”，也不应自动等同于恶意。可信系统需要把内容检测与来源记录、身份确认和行为控制组合起来。</span></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;page-break-after:avoid"><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#3670B8">四&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">从“真假判断”到“来源证明”：可信语音的制度转向</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">更稳健的安全问题不再只是“这段声音像不像真的”，而是“它从哪里来、经历了什么、由谁授权”。这对应数字安全中的“来源证明（provenance）”思路：尽可能记录内容的生成设备或平台、修改历史与传播链路，并在高风险场景中通过独立通道确认说话者身份。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">我国治理已经在向这一方向推进。《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》要求对合成人声、仿声等可能导致公众混淆的内容进行显著标识，并对训练数据、个人信息和日志留存提出要求；2025年9月1日起施行的《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》进一步区分显式标识和隐式标识，并要求在音频及文件元数据中提供相应标识信息。[2][3] 国际上，C2PA的Content Credentials也试图以密码学绑定的方式记录数字内容的来源与编辑历史，为“从哪里来、被怎样修改”提供可验证线索。[7]</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">来源证明同样不是万能钥匙：有来源记录，不等于内容必然真实；能证明文件来自某个平台，也不等于能证明说话者本人同意了其中每一句话。更稳健的可信语音体系应采用分层防御：内容层进行鉴伪与水印，来源层保存可追溯记录，身份层采用回拨、独立渠道或多因素认证，行动层则对转账、授权等高风险操作设置延迟、限额、二次确认或人工复核。</span></p><p style="margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:0;text-align:center"><img width="614" height="461" 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" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="margin-top:3px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-align:center;line-height:142%"><span style="font-size:11px;line-height:142%;color:#626C78">图2｜可信语音的四层防线：内容鉴伪、来源证明、身份认证与行动控制。核心思想是避免任何一个单一信号承担全部信任。</span></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;page-break-after:avoid"><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;font-family: 宋体;color:#3670B8">五&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:20px;line-height:115%;color:#3670B8">从“声音权”到“可验证信任”：AI克隆之后的治理问题</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">法律层面，声音权益的边界正在变得更清晰。最高人民法院2025年发布的相关答疑指出，民法典第一千零二十三条第二款规定，对自然人声音的保护参照适用肖像权保护规则；对于足以识别到特定自然人的声音，未经许可擅自使用、公开，或者使用经人工智能技术处理的声音，可能构成侵权。[8]</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">但AI声音克隆还提出了一个比“是否擅用录音”更前沿的问题：如果一个系统能够持续以某人的声音生成任意新语句，那么风险对象已经不再只是一段既有录音，而是一种能够代表该人持续“发声”的生成能力。现行法律已经明确保护声音权益，但这种可被持续调用的“身份代理能力”应如何授权、撤回、追踪与问责，仍有必要进一步制度化。</span></p><table><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="624" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 3px; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(54, 112, 184); background: rgb(237, 243, 250); padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="margin-top:9px;margin-right:13px;margin-bottom: 9px;margin-left:17px"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">未来可信沟通的原则，不再是“这个声音像不像他”，而是“来源能否验证、身份能否确认、行动是否得到授权”。</span></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">密码泄露推动了多因素认证，网页仿冒推动了数字证书与加密连接。声音也需要经历类似的安全升级。与其要求每个人练成一双能够识别AI造假的“鉴伪耳朵”，不如在高风险行动前设置独立、可验证的身份凭据，让转账、授权和敏感操作不再依赖单一声线。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:6px;text-indent:29px;line-height: 142%"><span style="color:#262B31">声音仍然可以帮助我们识别一个人，却不应独自承担身份证明。AI把一个长期隐藏的前提暴露了出来：我们过去之所以愿意相信声音，很大程度上是因为定向伪造足够昂贵。当复制趋于廉价，社会信任就必须从“感知相似”迁移到可验证的来源、身份与授权链条。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:7px;page-break-before:always"><strong><span style="font-size:18px;line-height:115%;font-family:宋体;color:#1E487D">参考</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:18px;line-height:115%;color:#1E487D">资料</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[1] </span><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">新华社：新华时评｜莫让人工智能“偷声”击穿社会信任，2026-08-17。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[2] </span><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">国家网信办等三部门：《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》，2022（2023-01-10施行）。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[3] </span><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">国家网信办等四部门：《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》，2025（2025-09-01施行）。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[4] Li M, et al. A Survey on Speech Deepfake Detection. ACM Comput Surv. 2025; doi:10.1145/3714458.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[5] Müller N, et al. Replay Attacks Against Audio Deepfake Detection. Interspeech 2025; arXiv:2505.14862.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[6] Hong M, et al. Vulnerabilities of Audio-Based Biometric Authentication Systems Against Deepfake Speech Synthesis. arXiv:2601.02914, 2026.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">[7] C2PA. Content Credentials Specification / Explainer, v2.4, 2026.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:9px;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">[8] </span><span style="font-size:11px;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif">最高人民法院：《法答网精选答问（第十九批）——人格权专题》，2025-05-08。</span></p><p></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自陈孝良科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1375795-1548503.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1375795-1548503.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1375795-1547964.html" target="_black">从一根琴弦到一片海洋：270年数学如何把“声音”写进方程</a><br><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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宣南旧事

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei; font-size: 20px; color: #0070C0;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/Z0cDHnd-5pMoUJ5_4dqNDzJjNepW1o_z36NA8xVprd0/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzcwMXUzNnN2djMyOXVqaWlpbzIuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141434_1164_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 黑体, SimHei; font-size: 20px; color: #0070C0;">宣南旧事</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">时间过得很快，在办公室忙碌了一周后，又到星期六了。好长时间没去野外，周末的城市徒步算是一个运动量的弥补吧。最近一直在为明年</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">6</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">日杨钟健先生</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">130</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">周年诞辰前将要出版的《杨钟健传》敲定最后的细节，今天就想去查访他在北京落脚时首选的华州会馆，所以到城南的宣武区去走一走。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">杨先生是陕西华州人。华州区现在隶属陕西省渭南市，位于关中平原东部的渭河下游。公元</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">554</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年的西魏时期首设华州，直到民国二年，即</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1913</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年改为华县，</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">2015</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年又改回华州。县志上记载的华州历史人物，排在前面的</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">3</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">位是郑国首封之主郑桓公、唐朝名将郭子仪和中国古脊椎动物学奠基人杨钟健。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">北京的华州会馆是供华州学子赴京参加科举考试以及同乡聚会的场所，因此杨钟健</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1917</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年第一次来北京投考北京大学和</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1928</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年从德国留学归来的当天就住到华州会馆。华州会馆初建于明代天启年间，最初馆址在内城；清代康熙年间迁至宣武门外南柳巷</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">22</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">号，此后固定于此，今天徒步的最终目的地就是此处。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center;background:white"><span style="font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";="" font-size:="" 18px;"=""><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/kBMXNLbBHKyVykVyrOg4WT5-hxFY8eS-QJZofoLL7H8/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzcyMG0wd2g3NndzeWhtMGppYzcuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141433_1163_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center;background:white"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">杨钟健初来北京第一天的日记，末尾处写着“华州会馆”</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">早上下雨了，而且是挺大的雨。但想来北京这样更多是干旱地带的城市，雨不会下太久，所以还是带上伞就出发了。我从长椿街地铁站出来，果然雨已经小了，似有似无的样子。抬头望去，喧嚣车流被身后的繁华隔绝，一步踏入宣武门外地界，时光便骤然放缓。长椿街自古就是宣南文化的核心脉络，不像长安街的开阔浩荡，这里的街巷宽窄相宜，老树垂荫，灰砖建筑错落排布，处处都是沉淀数百年的古朴气韵。此行的第一站，是坐落于长椿街东侧、依托明代古刹长椿寺建成的宣南文化博物馆，这里是解锁宣南会馆文脉的钥匙，也是留存华州会馆百年记忆的安静一角。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/wZ3jG9fyyAmOtNUMhiloyMPFi60wKavVikDhuNd8IS0/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4Mzc1MHA5bjlmOWR1NW8yYXVmdDMuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141435_1165_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">宣武门拆除后留下的门楣</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">长椿寺始建于明万历二十年，曾享有“京师首刹”的美誉，四百余年风雨沧桑，古刹格局依旧完整，红墙黛瓦间藏着半部城南旧事。展厅静谧，光线柔和地洒落于青石古碑之上，岁月在石面刻下斑驳纹路，字迹深浅错落，却依旧清晰可辨，静静诉说着一座会馆的前世今生。这里珍藏着两块与华州会馆紧密相关的珍贵碑刻：民国八年镌刻的《京师华县会馆重修房舍并附地图说记碑》以及一块青石横幅碑刻。印象最深的莫过于民国重修碑，碑文工整端严，细细品读，可见百年前匠人刀笔的力道，亦能窥见旧时乡贤修缮会馆的赤诚心意。碑文详细记载了华州会馆的迁徙沿革、院落规制与修缮始末，寥寥文字，还原出一座会馆昔日的鼎盛光景。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/JJmgTdaf--rJFHS85YJgyQCQ9_2Rl-9x4g-VgXQmJqw/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzgxMnl2aXJrOHp4bHZ0dmlzYWsuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141429_1159_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">京师华县会馆重修房舍并附地图说记碑</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">据碑文与史料记载，华州会馆始建于明代天启年间，最初位于内城，清代康熙年间迁址宣武门外南柳巷，自此扎根宣南，历经数百年风雨。鼎盛之时，会馆格局恢弘开阔，按照《千字文》分为天、地、玄、黄、宇、宙六座院落，规整雅致、气韵天成。馆内建有敬贤堂、乡贤祠，供奉华州历代乡贤名士，常年悬挂匾额五十余方，文风鼎盛、香火绵长，是明清两代陕西华州举子赴京赶考、士人旅居联谊的栖息之所。那时无数华州游子千里来京，跋涉山河至此，在一方院落中读书治学、切磋知识，让遥远的秦川文脉，在京城巷陌落地生根。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">只是山河迭代、世事变迁，昔日悬于厅堂的匾额尽数散失，热闹的院落几经损毁，唯有这些青石碑刻逃过战火与风雨，被妥善珍藏于此，成为触摸那段历史仅存的实物凭证。在碑前默然伫立，眼光掠过微凉石面，仿佛能听见百年前士子的书声朗朗，看见异乡之人抱团取暖、坚守学问的赤诚初心。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;<img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/OMXJom7gmMQaYQW43AA2_89nKK128ymd3IS-Y3RVI3E/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzgzMmNwZTJjeWdqaThpOGM3ZWMuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141436_1166_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">昔日华州会馆中的石刻</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">从宣南文化博物馆出来，我转身向南前行，走入纵横交错的老城街巷。一路穿过牛街，市井烟火骤然鲜活起来。作为京城著名的民族街巷，这里商铺林立、香气萦绕，新旧建筑交织错落，生活气息浓郁热烈。千年以来，牛街的烟火与周边会馆的文墨始终共生共存，喧嚣闹市不曾冲淡学问清幽，反而让宣南文化多了几分鲜活的人间色彩。古人寒窗苦读的清寂、市井街巷的热闹、百年岁月的沧桑，在此悄然交融，勾勒出老北京最真实的社会画面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">穿过牛街的熙熙攘攘，转入开阔的广安门内大街。这条大道横贯东西，是连接老城古今的脉络，车流缓缓穿梭，两侧新式楼宇与老式胡同门楼遥遥相望，新旧风貌隔街呼应。沿着街边向东走，高楼逐渐被甩在身后，青砖灰瓦的胡同民居层层铺展，喧嚣喇叭慢慢消散，古朴静谧的氛围感愈发浓厚。走到街巷路口，转身向北，就踏入魏染胡同的幽深窄道之中。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">魏染胡同是宣南众多老胡同中极具旧貌的一条，巷道静谧，老树参天，青砖墙面布满岁月斑驳的痕迹，每一个门洞都可能藏着近代风云的印记。胡同北行不远，京报馆旧址静静伫立于此，灰砖小楼简约肃穆，古朴的门窗、斑驳的墙体，沉淀着百年报业的热血初心。这里是邵飘萍先生创办《京报》之所，是近代思想觉醒的重要阵地，一纸笔墨振聋发聩，在风雨飘摇的年代，唤醒无数国人良知。当年杨钟健主办进步刊物《秦劫痛话》，他发表的揭露陕西军阀强征赋税、滥杀无辜罪行的文章让《京报》等报纸的编辑读罢稿件，皆为陕西的惨状动容，纷纷转载。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/ncHqsHKbsR7GjujTcR3YD5hv02p-tAXTepPDFVER62U/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4Mzg1NGtmNnJydm1maWhnMjhmejIuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815150515_1171_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">京报馆旧址</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">站在京报馆旧址前，心绪不由沉静下来。如果说华州会馆的底色是文脉传承、士子乡愁，那京报馆的背景则是家国大义、时代担当。明清士子在会馆修身治学、科举考试，民国先驱在此执笔为刃、救国图强，一条胡同、一方天地，承接起数百年的精神脉络。新旧思想在此更迭，家国情怀代代相传，让这片巷陌不止有温柔乡愁，更有铮铮风骨。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/pu3X1cs_lXEZSQMnuWCxFGizccmIHI4Y-NghVbBO0dQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzkxNm9zZzgxZ3ZpNXMxd3dsdjguanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141439_1168_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">邵飘萍故居及铜像</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">辞别京报馆，继续向北穿行，巷陌愈发清幽，行人稀少，唯有清风穿巷、树影婆娑。走到魏染胡同北口直接往前，就进入文脉密集的南柳巷。这条不长的胡同，是宣南会馆文化的浓缩之地，昔日各省同乡会馆比邻而建，群英荟萃、文人云集，成为异乡来客扎根京城的依托之所。沿路北行，首先就看见晋江会馆旧址。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">相比于刚才所见的碑刻沧桑、报业热血，晋江会馆呈现出截然不同的风貌。作为福建的台湾同乡居所，晋江会馆至今保存完好，格局规整、修缮精致，是南柳巷中难得留下完整风貌、妥善保护的会馆遗存。院落门头古朴雅致，青砖黛瓦整洁简约，院落格局清晰规整，梁柱门窗虽经过修缮，却最大程度保留了旧时建筑结构。如今作为文物保护单位，会馆已褪去旧日的旅居功能，化作承载闽地人文、老北京会馆历史的鲜活载体。院中林海音故居的布置，更让人想象着悠远的时光。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/YYNm_ToZbyWWNzp2lBrJ73YIdX7l9RG-L9Pi50TH6KY/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4MzkzN2Q1eXk5ZmZ5anlmam9oMnkuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141431_1160_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">晋江会馆及林海音故居</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">离晋江会馆不远，就是此行最终的目的地——南柳巷</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">22</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">号华州会馆旧址。站在朴素寻常甚至有些残破潦倒的院落门牌下，很难想象，这里就是曾经六院相连、文风鼎盛的京师名馆。没有古朴气派的会馆门楼，没有标识历史的铭牌，没有修缮规整的古建风貌，只有寻常民居的烟火模样。昔日恢弘雅致的六座院落，如今早已沦为拥挤的居民大杂院，院墙交错搭建，新旧房屋重重叠叠，从门洞望过去，私搭的小屋、杂乱的电线、晾晒的衣物，填满了整个院落，彻底褪去了旧时会馆书院的清雅肃穆。我找到一张华州会馆上个世纪初的老照片，那个拱门依稀能看到旧时的模样，杨钟健当时就是从这个拱门进入会馆的吧。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1928</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">2</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">7</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">日，杨钟健离开留学</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">4</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年多的德国慕尼黑，乘坐火车回国，经过奥地利、捷克、波兰而入苏联境内。在转车时走在陌生的城市里，他忽然意识到自己离中国越来越近了，不是地理上的近，而是心理上的近：每一次换乘、每一次检查、每一次与同胞的相遇，都在提醒他，他正在回到自己的语言、自己的人群、自己的命运里。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center;background:white"><span style="font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";="" font-size:="" 18px;"=""><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/O6h5h8Jla9KURnLWJqBZL7GSbVJt1ZcWk_sQeQ9U_Uw/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4Mzk1M3JyZzUyb3JtMmJnejBtN28uanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141431_1161_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center;background:white"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">杨钟健离开欧洲回国前拍照留念</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">列车穿过西伯利亚，像穿过一段漫长的梦境。时间在车轮声里流逝，窗外的雪色几乎不变，仿佛世界被按下了暂停键。杨钟健却觉得自己的内心在加速：回国后的工作要如何开始？地质调查所的条件如何？野外考察的经费从哪里来？标本如何保存？人才如何培养？这些问题像雪地里的石子，硌得人心里发紧。可他又想起导师布罗里教授的那句话：“中国的古生物学材料，都在等待着您去发现。”他便又觉得，哪怕前路艰难，至少他不是空手而归：他带着知识，带着方法，带着对中国土地的信念。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">终于到满洲里，入中国国境。杨钟健站在国境线上，忽然有一种强烈的感觉：他从一个“相对秩序井然的世界”回到了一个“正在重建秩序的世界”。他想起德日进在巴黎带他看的从中国运来的化石：那些标本被运到欧洲，是因为中国当时缺乏研究与保存的条件，而他回国正是为了改变这种状况。他要在中国建立自己的研究体系，要让中国的化石留在中国，要让中国的学者有能力、有尊严地研究自己的土地。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">列车继续南下，过沈阳，过山海关，过华北平原。窗外的风景从雪原渐变为黄土地，天空也更像他记忆里的中国：辽阔、苍茫，带着一种难以言说的厚重。杨钟健一路看着窗外，心里像被什么东西牵引着，那是一种“回家”的本能，也是一种“承担”的召唤。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">1928</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">2</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: " times="" new="" roman",="" "serif";"="">24</span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">日抵达北平后，杨钟健未住旅馆，而寄宿在华州会馆中。会馆里人声嘈杂，乡音满耳，烟气浓重。有人在院子里烧水，有人在走廊里说话，有人提着行李匆匆走过。杨钟健把行李放下，站在会馆的屋檐下，忽然有一种恍惚：他从慕尼黑出发，经维也纳、布拉格、华沙、莫斯科，穿过西伯利亚的雪原，终于回到了中国。这一路像一条长长的线，把他从学生时代牵引到了学者时代，把他从异国的书斋拉回到了故土的沙尘里。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">他抬头看着北平的天空，天是冷的，风是硬的，可这是他的天空。他知道，从这一刻起，他不再只是“在欧洲学习古生物学的中国人”，而是“要在中国做古生物学的中国人”。前路也许坎坷，也许清贫，也许会遭遇军阀混战、政局动荡、经费短缺、人才匮乏……可他也知道，中国的地层深处埋藏着无数秘密，像沉睡的巨兽等待被唤醒。而他愿意做那个唤醒它们的人，用锤子敲开岩石，用耐心剔出骨骼，用文字写下中国的远古。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">华州会馆的院子里，有人端着热气腾腾的茶走过，茶的香气在冷空气里显得格外清晰。杨钟健忽然觉得，自己的回国并不只是一次旅行的结束，而是一场更漫长、更艰难的旅程的开始。他把欧洲的岁月收进心里，像把一盏灯收进行囊。然后，他抬起脚，走进北平的风里，走进中国的冬天里，也走进自己未来的工作里。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">百年时光，转瞬浮沉。这座曾承载一代代华州学子梦想与乡愁的会馆，曾见证无数读书人寒窗苦读、奔赴前程的院落，最终归于寻常烟火。卢沟桥事变后，会馆遭日伪侵占，文物散失、房舍损毁，历经战乱动荡、岁月更迭，最终褪去光环，隐于胡同巷陌，成为寻常百姓的居所。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/1hBGZJvlD6_fQ8nNfCQKAJl_FeMi0HT8q8ox2JHYMi4/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4NDAxNXFxa3p6dXVjbGtrdG5renQuanBn" title alt="华州会馆对比.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">华州会馆今昔对比</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">站在院前，回望一路寻访的轨迹，两处会馆的鲜明对比，令人心生无限感慨。晋江会馆与华州会馆，同处南柳巷咫尺之间，同属明清同乡会馆遗存，承载着相似的游子文脉与乡土情怀，却在岁月流转中走向了截然不同的归宿。晋江会馆有幸被纳入文物保护体系，经修缮活化、妥善留存，格局完整、故事清晰，成为可供后人寻访、感悟历史的文化地标，旧韵新生、代代相传。而华州会馆没有官方文保挂牌，没有修缮复原规划，在时代变迁中默默破败、隐匿消解，昔日恢弘院落沦为居民大杂院，建筑格局残缺破损，人文痕迹日渐模糊，只剩零星史料与馆藏碑刻，证明它曾经的热闹过往。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">两处会馆的境遇之差，是无数老城古迹命运的缩影。宣南之地曾经会馆林立、人文荟萃，数百座同乡会馆承载着地域交融的文化盛景，藏着老北京最深厚的人文底蕴。岁月淘洗之下，有的古迹被珍视、被守护，得以焕发新生；更多如华州会馆一般，默默沉寂、慢慢湮灭，在平常生活中褪去历史印记，只留下文字与碑刻记录着曾经的兴盛。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">但沉寂并非消亡。华州会馆虽院落沧桑、形制残缺，却从未真正退出历史。它藏在南柳巷的胡同深处，藏在宣南文化的脉络之中，藏在一代代文人志士的人生履历里。杨钟健年少进京，在此落脚启航，从一方小院走向学术巅峰，深入中国古脊椎动物学研究；无数华州游子自此出发，心怀乡土、奔赴山海，将坚韧质朴的秦川风骨融入京城社会。一座小院，滋养人才、沉淀风骨、延续文脉，这份精神底蕴，从未随建筑破败而消散。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">正午时分，阳光穿过巷陌老树，温柔洒落于华州会馆斑驳的院墙之上。雨后的凉风轻拂，胡同静谧，饮食烟火温柔绵长。一路寻访，从宣南博物馆的碑刻旧迹，到牛街的闹市人流，从京报馆的热血风骨，到晋江会馆的浪漫往事，最终归于华州会馆的沧桑沉寂。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;<img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/an7ybe2vOaupc07da8aSkCASNeV_FSkxgXKQ3wIIF_A/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE4NDAzOGIzY2M2N3M3enM3ZXM0cXUuanBn" title alt="微信图片_20260815141437_1167_3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">南柳巷胡同街景</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">我忽然懂得，老城文化从不止于完好的古建、精致的遗存、清晰的铭牌。那些隐匿在市井巷陌、归于寻常烟火的旧址，那些历经沧桑、残缺破损的院落，那些藏在文字碑刻、岁月记忆里的过往，也是最珍贵的历史馈赠。华州会馆的一生，是无数异乡会馆的缩影：始于乡愁，兴于学问，盛于群英，归于沉寂。它曾是异乡人的京城客栈，是文化交融的方寸沃土，是时代风云的见证载体。纵然今日庭院沧桑、旧貌难寻，无人问津、悄然不语，却依旧在宣南巷陌的社区深处，静静承载着数百年的历史余温，诉说着山河万里、游子初心、追求不息的悠长故事。</span></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自邓涛科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1243751-1548502.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1243751-1548502.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1243751-1547036.html" target="_black">红楼星火</a><br><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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2026年青藏高原考察日志：扎囊采集

<p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">2026年 7月 23-24日</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">记 录 人：陈秀军</p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">队&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;长：吴清涛</p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">队&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;员：陈秀军、文勃昕、达娃、朱朝东</p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">导 师 组：赵喆、程瑞、罗阿蓉、朱朝东</p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">致&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 谢：动物多样性与新质资源学科群、达娃创新工作室</p><p style=";text-align: center;font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">7</span><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">月23日</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">清晨，我们从拉康镇驱车前往扎囊县。临近县城时，道路两侧的自然景观发生明显变化：连片的沙地逐渐取代原有植被地貌。雅鲁藏布江蜿蜒穿行于荒漠之间，江水因沿途泥沙冲刷裹挟，呈现出浑黄的色泽。相较于拉萨南北山绿化工程，扎囊县土质沙化严重，加之高原日照强烈、气候干燥，植被扎根存活、生长繁育的难度大幅提升。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/Q1PT_jRTD6AneBMSr8BlZO_uFuaAh69zDB3f_gTVcjI/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MjkyOWZscnplNmhsamlyNjZsaWcuanBn" title alt="1 雅鲁藏布江.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">雅鲁藏布江</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/MTz6CnDNtxviKmSSNOFd3KK_qMcJ3ZsOy9q7rgwEQ7Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3Mjk0M3p1dW1vdXVlYW15MjA0YXEuanBn" title alt="2 干枯沙漠.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">干涸荒漠</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_LTsFkQ-hbzJG0w7PbOzLWCt4xiFFD5WMLd-D7pAs0o/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzAwN2poejBuZjBycmhyeGZnc2UuanBn" title alt="3 路边的白云.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">“路边”白云</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">在“绿水青山就是金山银山”生态理念的指引下，当地群众持之以恒开展治沙固沙、生态修复工作，让曾经荒芜的沙地渐渐生出绿意，在大漠黄沙间铺展出生机勃勃的景色。自然万物的生长演变自有其规律，但人类不畏恶劣环境、主动改造生态、坚守家园的不懈奋斗，一次次展现出坚韧顽强的生命力量，令人心生敬畏、赞叹不已。</span></p><p style=";text-align: center;font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">7</span><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">月24日</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">上午，我们走进藏草万亩植物种苗繁育基地，参与2026年度“三区”科技人才专题服务培训会议。基地始终秉持“一方水土培育一方本土植物，依托乡土物种开展生态修复”的发展理念，核心业务涵盖本土草种培育、植物种质资源收集与保存，同时针对草原、沙地、矿山、荒漠等受损生态区域开展专业化生态修复治理工作。园区内植物资源丰富多样，既汇聚了大量西藏本土特色植物，也引种培育了棕榈科等热带适生植物。园区的植物标本墙陈列着西藏各地的植物标本，品类齐全。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/Yqunw-3KcuERgDETZpjreHOm1f9ard_wk_fWgTKJWoU/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzEwMmsxMnp2djZyODFpdHRleXkuanBn" title alt="4 利用喷灌给植物浇水.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">喷灌</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/OT6WcTImezdHYAxlVUtqwDCLPxQsCtbxJnU5V11N1h0/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzE0MHVlYTQxdHRuN3o4b2U0N2YuanBn" title alt="5 芭蕉.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">芭蕉</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/IqEI9Uke3bikSt2aVTTm4G4hxh8hHAmGWUEBEy4pZ_c/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzIwOWVtMG42N24wMTlzYTlucTcuanBn" title alt="7 棕榈科植物.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">棕榈</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/ZqgDhLfPHzjkGQK7OInVUz16zl4HmxbXnY6zCltX_Pw/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzIyMW15bzQ4ZnkyYmdseWRienkuanBn" title alt="8 睡莲.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">睡莲</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/DJk8EVBX04bwE5u-V7l3OD4Zc1v-T7frE_vruV2p6BQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzE1NHJjemNrZjFvd2s5MmY4dTguanBn" title alt="6 蒲公英.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">蒲公英</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/WdsWuC67MCU7PQW9E4IQbDYrwSrJ2mNXBk1_VSVqpmQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzI0MXhuOGdkbnYwcnFoaGdxcHIuanBn" title alt="9 藏草万亩种苗繁育基地的植物标本.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">植物标本</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/u73WjxlpTkx73mDmeJhecCyf37ygfx5FIWL9_a72iVk/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzI1NW01cXBpenFuOWkxZWJwbmsuanBn" title alt="10 蝴蝶标本.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">蝴蝶标本</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">培训正式开始前，我们重点参观了灵芝繁育基地，深入了解到环境中二氧化碳浓度对灵芝生长品相的关键影响：二氧化碳浓度过低时，灵芝会提前分化长出菌盖，生长周期缩短、品相不佳；浓度适宜且偏高时，更利于菌柄健壮生长，灵芝成品品相更优。灵芝培育流程精细且周期漫长，主要包括菌料制备、孢子接种、子实体培育管护、套袋收集孢子粉和孢子破壁处理及新一轮接种的步骤。完整生长周期长达三至四个月，全程需要精细化、持续性的人工管护，对培育技术与耐心都有着极高要求。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/kk5t73n9Q_ZbBIjCBofKFG0dDF81lJxXkgzPri74DFw/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzMwOGFrbGtwbzFwemtra2toamkuanBn" title alt="11 灵芝.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">灵芝</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family:黑体"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/17ZtBjAkCYfh6X6TKQeMsa0i2fi_rWVKQ9HxlWT_5_o/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzMyNGxnZ3M4eWIyMHVzMndxcGcuanBn" title alt="13 治沙模型.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">治沙模型</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">本</span><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 16px;">次培训由朱老师主讲，聚焦蜜蜂现状与研究展开细致讲解，让我明晰了当下蜜蜂领域的三大核心研究方向。其一，蜜蜂种群保护迫在眉睫。近年来全球蜜蜂种群数量持续稳步下降，成因复杂，涵盖气候变化、土地利用结构改变、化肥农药滥用、外来物种入侵、病原微生物侵害等多重因素，需加大保护与研究力度。其二，深挖蜜蜂生态价值与农业价值。作为核心传粉昆虫，蜜蜂在农业生产中发挥着不可替代的作用，科学利用蜜蜂传粉功能，能够有效提升农作物产量与品质。其三，推进蜜蜂智能化分类识别。蜜蜂分为幼虫、成虫两个生长阶段，形态差异显著，当下可整合两个阶段的形态特征与分子数据，搭建完善的蜜蜂资源数据库，依托AI技术大幅提升蜜蜂物种识别的效率与精准度。整场讲座内容详实、专业性强，让我受益匪浅、收获良多。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-family: 黑体; font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/h3_taGlnbRQr-6QCoD_UFoNSge7Cf-PE3_MHDTj1ucc/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzEzLzE3MzM0NWMzM2wzczN6OGhzcTM0NHguanBn" title alt="14 会议讲座.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:黑体">讲座培训</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">午后休整完毕，我们在园区周边开展野外蜜蜂实地调查工作。扎囊县气候干旱、沙地广布，自然生境相对单一，野生植物物种数量有限。实地调查发现，宿根天人菊对蜜蜂的吸引力较弱，鲜有蜂类驻足访花；而蒙古莸植株周边蜂类聚集较多，但蜂类物种结构单一、多样性较低。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">在朱老师的专业指导下，我们掌握了不同生境下的蜂类采样技巧。干旱环境蜜粉资源匮乏，蜂类为获取食物，多聚集在乔木、针叶植物上栖息取食，整体物种丰富度偏低。采样时可采用缓慢扫网的方式，保障采集个体的数量。而湿润环境植被繁茂、蜜粉源充足，蜂类物种多样性更高。需要加快扫网速度、扩大扫网范围，才能采集到更多物种。这样才能全面反映区域蜂类多样性与资源现状。</span></p><p style=";font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 24px;font-family: 黑体">整天的讲座与实操，内容详实、专业性强，让我们受益匪浅、收获良多。</span></p><p></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自朱朝东科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-536560-1547784.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-536560-1547784.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-536560-1547778.html" target="_black">2026年青藏高原考察日志：洛扎蛀干害虫调查 0721&amp;0722</a><br>下一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-536560-1547795.html" target="_black">学科群朱朝东团队揭示亚热带森林蜘蛛的“食物密码”</a><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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特刊合集 (二)：MDPI工程技术领域精选特刊

<p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">本期特刊合集精选了来自清华大学、浙江大学、上海交通大学、武汉大学、华中科技大学、西安交通大学、北京航空航天大学、东南大学、同济大学、天津大学、大连理工大学、南京航空航天大学等机构的学者主持的特刊，快来看看有没有与您的研究领域匹配的特刊吧！</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/z4mykBLHhxcx2Aqc7J8Bbwb_xFlSvOamitwbW7X2zCI/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjE1N3pnY2hyMzFycXIxZXFlMWguanBn" title alt="0.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">1、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/lubricants/special_issues/9G2R54JFJX?n1=6&amp;_utm_from=494bee6527" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/lubricants/special_issues/9G2R54JFJX</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/TA2SphnYN24Pj2ds6l4YRN0RVRIAKYdi_FHZlJ2IBsM/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjQxNWlneWxnb2pnaWo1bHlvZzMuanBn" title alt="1.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">2、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/lubricants/special_issues/CUA3W851HC?n1=5&amp;_utm_from=a82b91b2b4" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/lubricants/special_issues/CUA3W851HC</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/t96crD2HR7YnfSDSTqWCQ-dyDhQKAWmGY5eRAh9Z96I/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjczN3IzZ2s5MzN6cWJhemVrYjkuanBn" title alt="2.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">3、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse/special_issues/4G8V04OJK7?n1=43&amp;_utm_from=3ec9107747" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse/special_issues/4G8V04OJK7</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/w_XFYpg4ZFsmoye6zCX09wOsVFDd9KNc1sW9tw7uI9c/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2Mjc0NGRiaDY5ZzJ0aDd0bDYwdzcuanBn" title alt="3.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">4、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/asi/special_issues/DX7G2GB826?n1=9&amp;_utm_from=a491a6a579" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/asi/special_issues/DX7G2GB826</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/XJ7WhyDrYYcYMlKc_JWtb71Zne92dfNhWKRPgynXXyY/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2Mjc1MHF0M3Vob2VleW83dGFxZ3ouanBn" title alt="4.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">5、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/asi/special_issues/243K8NZ232?n1=10&amp;_utm_from=66d053a56f" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/asi/special_issues/243K8NZ232</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/J8NYEHhawo8yyAHMdJUcXhG3st96z2_TWU0gHB_L2Ek/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2Mjc1NmMzdHpvZjVvdGpvanM0MmYuanBn" title alt="5.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">6、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/aerospace/special_issues/0JQYCK4430?n1=27&amp;_utm_from=453d3a9e77" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/aerospace/special_issues/0JQYCK4430</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/AEzKENtor9DXIpeh15FfI4QoNh0n4VeLcE0WBiLiHAE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgwMm91ZzhsbWw3ZWNnZGpqY3ouanBn" title alt="6.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">7、h</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/machines/special_issues/367W4547P0?n1=38&amp;_utm_from=4dfcc81d60" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">ttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/machines/special_issues/367W4547P0</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/8C42s_aomHjTYhXhAHqCZoI1h_UocCMR_3FqscFT0D8/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgwN3ljdW1jNTVxOGJiNnV3NmguanBn" title alt="7.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">8、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/machines/special_issues/ZM6U2O52OP" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/machines/special_issues/ZM6U2O52OP</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/zdl43x69uYZx2R2YhamdT7QhDKUPZjX6LW8cffMeQ1Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgxNHR5eXZhNXVxZHV1cXRtc3UuanBn" title alt="8.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">9、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/special_issues/VQ0060E9X1?n1=55&amp;_utm_from=c221db4b0e" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/special_issues/VQ0060E9X1</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/n6MWSDodcxSAOAdpCK_rNz0IOixD8DvVHsdFWuFH5dQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgyMGtuZDQ0NDVjaTJxaXV4MWouanBn" title alt="9.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">10、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/special_issues/639182TB4W?n1=56&amp;_utm_from=c3ab3ff088" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/special_issues/639182TB4W</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/UeO0GqZ7SAIF9uVHqAZfAqQTTs7oYQGxm6XrQc-BglQ/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgyNnVqZmppODF4cDhrb2ZrYXUuanBn" title alt="10.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">11、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/aerospace/special_issues/9632X040YH?n1=13&amp;_utm_from=18f867fd6f" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/aerospace/special_issues/9632X040YH</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/VM4LNDtCaQlGTIfDHQmiiBpRAsU1b_5dlYBszo0L0jM/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgzMmFwNTZycmpkNWMzM3I2amMuanBn" title alt="11.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">12、</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse/special_issues/3G7PBYNQMQ?n1=44&amp;_utm_from=9f9a396cfb" target="_self" style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse/special_issues/3G7PBYNQMQ</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;</span><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/0YcY9vYECCsag9UOF2cDhRxMVZo8CJy2kqoxCprK7FE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2MjgzOXU3bjdiM3lvN2FhYjk4ajMuanBn" title alt="12.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/t7CmXtT58fgQ_XoD7fYoOqzT1c9vun81l6O_S_3K83w/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA4LzE4LzE2Mjg1NWZ4OTQ5OW53dW51eDlwZHcuanBn" title alt="更新-2026-07-23_Wechat_Banner 1.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自MDPI开放科学科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3516770-1548477.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3516770-1548477.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3516770-1548465.html" target="_black">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 特刊导师项目正式启动！</a><br>下一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3516770-1548484.html" target="_black">Audiology Research 期刊首届青年编委招募——青年学者的专属学术舞台</a><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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使奶酪味道如此美妙的细菌也可能对肠道有益

<p>使奶酪味道如此美妙的细菌也可能对肠道有益<br></p><p>据雷丁大学(University of Reading)2026年8月17日报道(University of Reading. "The bacteria that make cheese taste so good may also benefit your gut." ScienceDaily, 17 August 2026. <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260816044847.htm">www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/08/260816044847.htm</a>)，研究三种英国手工奶酪的科学家发现，负责其独特风味的微生物也可能对肠道健康带来惊人的益处。随着奶酪的成熟，有益的细菌改变了它们的香气和质地，同时可能产生与减少炎症、胆固醇调节和食欲控制相关的化合物。这意味着手工奶酪大口味背后的微小微生物也可能给肠道带来意想不到的好处。</p><p>科学家们已经确定了帮助三种英国手工奶酪具有独特风味的细菌，其中一些微生物也可能对人类健康有益。</p><p>雷丁大学食品微生物科学部门的研究人员追踪了三种当地制造的牛津郡奶酪成熟时发生的微生物和生化变化。他们的发现表明，一些负责开发每种奶酪独特特性的细菌也可能对吃奶酪的人有用。</p><p>该研究结果已经在《ACS食品科学》（ACS Food Science）杂志发表——Sabrina Longley, Glenn Gibson, Anisha Wijeyesekera. Microbial and Biochemical Characterization of Three Artisan British Cheeses throughout the Maturation Process. ACS Food Science, 2026; 6 (5): 1314 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.5c01243. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.5c01243">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.5c01243</a></p><p>此研究专注于牛津郡Nettlebeed Creamery生产的三个品种。其中包括一种柔软的白皮奶酪，陈化一周多一点，一种经过清洗的皮半软奶酪，成熟数周，以及一种在干草中陈化约九个月的半硬奶酪。</p><p>有益细菌塑造风味和质地</p><p>主要作者、食品与营养科学系(Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,)的博士研究员Sabrina Longley说：“好奶酪很美味，我们研究的手工品种充满了微生物，可能对你的肠道健康有益。</p><p>老化过程通过大量有益细菌的作用产生了更复杂的香气和质地。奶酪中的脂肪和蛋白质基质也可能有助于保护细菌在消化道中的传播，使奶酪成为将益生菌输送到肠道的绝佳载体。”</p><p>为了追踪奶酪随时间的变化，研究人员在多个成熟阶段收集了样本，并分析了它们的细菌群落和化学成分。</p><p>这三种奶酪都含有公认的益生菌潜力，这意味着它们可能有助于支持肠道中有益微生物的种群。嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)也常用作酸奶发酵剂，在整个成熟过程中，它在半软和硬奶酪中仍然占主导地位。从开始到结束，在所有三种奶酪中都检测到乳链球菌(Lactococcus lactis)。</p><p>洗过的皮奶酪和干草陈化奶酪也含有新鲜丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium freudenreichii)。这种细菌产生丙酸(propionic acid)，这是一种与抗炎特性、降低胆固醇合成和调节食欲有关的化合物。</p><p>奶酪皮可能具有益生元潜力</p><p>喜欢吃奶酪皮的奶酪爱好者可能还有另一个原因。白色霉菌念珠菌青霉菌(white mold Penicillium candidum)在所研究的软奶酪上形成了特征性的奶酪皮，产生甲壳质(chitin)，这是一种可以作为益生元(prebiotic)的膳食纤维。</p><p>益生元是肠道中有益细菌的食物，可能会促进肠道微生物群的积极变化。</p><p>干草陈化过程似乎对较硬的奶酪也有显著影响。随着它的成熟，细菌物种的多样性大大增加。完全成熟的奶酪在陈化过程中含有的细菌种类几乎是同一奶酪早期的四倍。</p><p>成熟奶酪中乳糖含量极低</p><p>研究人员还发现，乳糖(lactose)是牛奶中的糖，有些人很难消化，一旦成熟，这三种奶酪几乎完全不含乳糖。</p><p>在发酵过程中，乳酸菌分解了大部分乳糖，在奶酪准备食用时留下的乳糖很少。</p><p>Sabrina Longley也是牛津郡(Oxfordshire)独立的Nettlebed Creamery的奶酪制造商，该公司为这项研究提供了部分资金。她正在雷丁大学地区助学金的支持下兼职进行博士研究，该助学金旨在帮助当地人进行研究。</p><p>研究人员警告说，还需要做更多的工作。需要进一步的研究（饮食干预试验）来确定奶酪食用后这些细菌群在肠道微生物群中的行为和变化，以及它们最终对人体的影响。</p><p>上述介绍仅供参考。欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文或相关报道(<a href="http://sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/02/250210132908.htm">http://sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/02/250210132908.htm</a>)。</p> <br><br> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自诸平科学网博客。<br>链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1548466.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1548466.html </a> <br><br>上一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1548342.html" target="_black">科学家将DNA转化为一种存储设备，其功耗降低了100倍</a><br>下一篇：<a href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1548479.html" target="_black">新成像技术追踪癌症从全身到单细胞</a><br><br><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-45-1520553.html" target="_blank"><label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">欢迎参加科学网十佳博文评选活动！</label></a><br><br><label style="font-size:13px;">主办单位：</label>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencenet.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/xxy6X5eDf9qApuFXY-Bys3MFAle12ma5dsDknAUXGFE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzAzLzE3MDM0Nmc2aDZqemxkZHp4bnZnazEuanBn" width="90px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<label style="font-size:13px;">支持单位：&nbsp;<a href="https://ais.cn/u/Qnia6z" target="_blank"><img src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/_od6bAJWBFdeI0LiXbod5O6YqC2AE05O_qhiC_7wG8Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZS5zY2llbmNlbmV0LmNuL2hvbWUvMjAyNjA2LzA0LzE1MDAzM2kxamI3ZHBidjEycGJzYnMuanBn" width="144px" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></a></label><br>

2026/8/18
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