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Belfer Center Topics

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The New Influencers: A Primer on the Expanding Role of Middle Powers in Africa

<time datetime="2024-08-05T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Aug 5, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/UXO3uHFgF2gvHrduGL7-xYOLMddFkQjg8qfnEwF_zqA/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL0ZJTkFMJTIwQ09WRVIlMjBjcm9wcGVkLnBuZz9oPTVkNzZlNDQ1Jml0b2s9eFJuVnVFTlg" width="200" height="120" alt="Africa and flags" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>This original primer, conducted as research for <a href="https://www.belfercenter.org/project/africa-futures-project"><span class="s1">The Africa Futures Project</span></a>, is an initial exploration into the evolving roles and increasing influence of “middle powers” in Africa. It covers a diverse array of existing and aspiring middle powers, presenting key points for each nation under four distinct analytical lenses.</p>

2024/8/5
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Reflecting on the U.S. Strategy Towards Africa: Embracing Partnership & Pragmatism

<time datetime="2024-07-28T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jul 28, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/SxpzME0uXrhxNqnopApKC-sCtHiWV9xfOWidLwaKOR4/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL0RldmVybW9udCUyMCUyNiUyMENvbGJlcnQuanBnP2g9ZjIyNTcyZGQmaXRvaz1KMVVlQ0JSbg" width="200" height="120" alt="Judd Devermont &amp; Natalie Colbert" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>The <em>Africa in Focus</em> series is a forum for the intellectual and critical analysis of processes and policies from the continent and its engagement with the international community. Through thoughtful and dynamic programming, <em>Africa in Focus </em>brings greater African perspectives into broader policy conversations at HKS.</p>

2024/7/28
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The Trump/Vance Unilateralist Delusion

<time datetime="2024-07-25T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jul 25, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/p5x-7UZw5h_OeGcwYrHGma0-JKRNMrs6wPpWYrLyQv4/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL3ZhbmNlLXRydW1wLW1pY2hpZ2FuLXJhbGx5LWp1bHktMjAyNC1jcm9wLmpwZz9oPTNiNzc0MTBiJml0b2s9djBrRWdFeVg" width="200" height="120" alt="J.D. Vance and Donald Trump" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Stephen Walt argues that if Trump and Vance win in November, it will do enormous long-term damage to America's global position.</p>

2024/7/25
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A War Without a Name: The Iran-Israel Relationship in Historical Perspective

<time datetime="2024-07-24T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jul 24, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/6G3-raH5SmhCLQ-QMMpfNHIh5gtJcYOoHTEYd13yakY/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL2Nyb3AtaXJhbmlhbi1taXNzaWxlLWdvbGRlbi1kb21lLmpwZz9oPTQ5YTA5YTZmJml0b2s9alp4QTlLbjU" width="200" height="120" alt="A missile is on display with a sign on it reading in Farsi: &quot;Death to Israel&quot; in front of a mosque in the shape of Dome of the Rock" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>The defining tension in Middle Eastern politics today—and the most combustible pile of tinder—is between the State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The antagonism between the two countries has existed for more than forty years. It has played out across the region for more than twenty years within the context of the Middle East’s wider tumult. It has not been restricted to diplomacy, either, but has played out through various means: covert, proxy, political and psychological warfare. Observers of this conflict have as a result tended to describe this state of affairs with obscure terms: “cold” war, “shadow” war, or other words that allude to the existence of an active and geopolitically consequential antagonism but imply an ambiguity that plain old “war” never could.</p>

2024/7/24
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Why Iran's New President Won't Change His Country

<time datetime="2024-07-16T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jul 16, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/e2HNE33m3xtz5ow6J-ZHH1TmFUwmwPaGRJmpZ6I_X0Y/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL3BlemVzaGtpYW4tanVseS02LTIwMjQtY3JvcC5qcGc_aD1lMzRkM2JmYSZpdG9rPU1sUVNKczc5" width="200" height="120" alt="Iran's President-elect Masoud Pezeshkian greets his supporters" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Mohammad Tabaar's analysis posits that y<span>et even if Khamenei gives Pezeshkian a relatively long leash, his government is unlikely to negotiate another ambitious nuclear agreement. It will, instead, look to ink a deal that could freeze or incrementally scale back Iran's nuclear advances, including by reducing the quality and quantity of the uranium Iran enriches, in exchange for sanctions relief. Such a transactional deal would have multiple advantages for Pezeshkian. Given Khamenei's support, Iran's conservatives would be less likely to sabotage that deal than they were the 2015 agreement. And it would be easy for Tehran to ramp up its program if the United States withdraws again, as occurred under President Donald Trump in 2018.</span></p>

2024/7/16
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The Non-Proliferation Problem

<time datetime="2024-07-09T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jul 9, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/ZKc3h2pBLxL2PbKjMJm75fTRaSI_lIbaydMNq8YYUuo/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL2lyYW4tYmFubmVyLW1pc3NpbGVzLXdvbWFuLmpwZz9oPTQxNjljOTI4Jml0b2s9MGRjeVVXa0s" width="200" height="120" alt="A woman walks past a banner showing missiles being launched" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Those harboring doubts about the viability of nuclear non-proliferation ought to consider the lessons of the past 75 years. Even if it proves impossible to contain this catastrophically destructive technology completely, a world with fewer nuclear-armed states is exponentially safer than one with many of them.</p>

2024/7/9
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What the United States Can Learn From China

<time datetime="2024-06-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jun 20, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/uNTeWv4OZwhhD4nPj_1t1uIRHhYEF9GWbL64AHJ6hZ8/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL2F1c3RyYWxpYS1wcmMtcHJlbWllci1zdXBwb3J0ZXJzLWFpcnBvcnQtMjAyNC5qcGc_aD0xNzQ1OGQwMiZpdG9rPVRlempGWEE0" width="200" height="120" alt="Supporters of Chinese Premier Li Qiang wait on his arrival at Adelaide Airport" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Stephen Walt argues that Americans who are deeply worried about China's rise should reflect on what Beijing has done well and what Washington has done poorly.</p>

2024/6/20
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Reducing Nuclear Dangers

<time datetime="2024-06-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jun 20, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/rHM0RbYonEg-KsnnrJ3UJ_O_0aWxIX7gaJ3g0tn5g0M/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL3J1c3NpYW4tY3J1aXNlLW1pc3NpbGUtbG9hZGluZy1zaGlwLTIwMjQuanBnP2g9NDZmYmEyOGImaXRvaz16cUxRdkNxVQ" width="200" height="120" alt="Russian military personnel load a cruise missile on board a warship " class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Matthew Bunn argues that governments need help from scientists and engineers both in understanding the dangers that nuclear weapons continue to pose and in finding paths to reduce them.</p>

2024/6/20
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Africa In Focus Speaker Series

<time datetime="2024-06-19T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jun 19, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/eMlxavh88lzsJ3Sgx_SXbhKW5a9MBSk_W2IZSV24-vE/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL1dlYiUyMGltYWdlLmpwZz9oPWRhMGEyNTAyJml0b2s9dWZ5N01SdFY" width="200" height="120" alt="A map of africa" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p><strong>Africa in Focus</strong>, run by the <a href="https://www.belfercenter.org/project/africa-futures-project">Africa Futures Project</a>, aims to create a forum for intellectual and critical analysis of processes and policies from the continent and its engagement with the international community. Through thoughtful and dynamic programming, Africa in Focus seeks to bring more African perspectives into broader policy conversations at HKS.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

2024/6/19
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Morality Is the Enemy of Peace

<time datetime="2024-06-13T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jun 13, 2024</time> <img loading="lazy" src="https://imgproxy.citrusreader.com/ia-hhWZlveI3iS--PTXRYpAvvJCPaDLtTyHZHf5Wet0/raw:1/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmVsZmVyY2VudGVyLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL3N0eWxlcy90aHVtYm5haWwvcHVibGljL2ltYWdlcy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9mZWF0dXJlL2ZhbGtsYW5kcy13YXItbWVtb3JpYWwtYXByaWwtMjAyNC1jcm9wLmpwZz9oPWRkMzM4OWU5Jml0b2s9TVQzVEs2Q2s" width="200" height="120" alt="Veteran Eliseo Tejeda visits a war memorial" class="image-style-thumbnail"> <p>Stephen Walt argues that once governments use moral arguments to justify their positions in international disputes, cutting a deal becomes much harder, even when it would be in everyone's interest.</p>

2024/6/13
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