ANTLR（ANother Tool for Language Recognition）是一个强大的解析器生成器，用于读取、处理、执行或翻译结构化文本或二进制文档。它被广泛用于构建语言、工具和框架。ANTLR根据语法定义生成解析器，解析器可以构建和遍历解析树。

安装

以Linux系统为例，我们首先安装Java17

~ java -versionjava version "17.0.6" 2023-01-17 LTSJava(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+9-LTS-190)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.6+9-LTS-190, mixed mode, sharing)

随后我们下载antlr4的完整依赖包

wget https://www.antlr.org/download/antlr-4.13.0-complete.jar

并把依赖包添加到Java的CLASSPATH中，将以下命令添加到~/.zshrc文件中

export CLASSPATH="/home/raymond/Desktop/antlr4/antlr-4.13.0-complete.jar:$CLASSPATH"

之后我们就可以使用antlr4的Tool和TestRig了

~ java org.antlr.v4.ToolANTLR Parser Generator  Version 4.13.0-o ___              specify output directory where all output is generated-lib ___            specify location of grammars, tokens files-atn                generate rule augmented transition network diagrams-encoding ___       specify grammar file encoding; e.g., euc-jp-message-format ___ specify output style for messages in antlr, gnu, vs2005-long-messages      show exception details when available for errors and warnings-listener           generate parse tree listener (default)-no-listener        don't generate parse tree listener-visitor            generate parse tree visitor-no-visitor         don't generate parse tree visitor (default)-package ___        specify a package/namespace for the generated code-depend             generate file dependencies-D<option>=value    set/override a grammar-level option-Werror             treat warnings as errors-XdbgST             launch StringTemplate visualizer on generated code-XdbgSTWait         wait for STViz to close before continuing-Xforce-atn         use the ATN simulator for all predictions-Xlog               dump lots of logging info to antlr-timestamp.log-Xexact-output-dir  all output goes into -o dir regardless of paths/package~ java org.antlr.v4.gui.TestRigjava org.antlr.v4.gui.TestRig GrammarName startRuleName[-tokens] [-tree] [-gui] [-ps file.ps] [-encoding encodingname][-trace] [-diagnostics] [-SLL][input-filename(s)]Use startRuleName='tokens' if GrammarName is a lexer grammar.Omitting input-filename makes rig read from stdin.

可以在~/.zshrc中添加如下别名

alias antlr4='java...